A brake is a device for applying a force against the friction of the road, slowing or stopping the motion of a machine A machine is any device that uses energy to perform some activity. In common usage, the meaning is that of a device having parts that perform or assist in performing any type of work. A simple machine is a device that transforms the direction or magnitude of a force without consuming any energy. The word "machine" is derived from the or vehicle A vehicle is a means of conveyance, a carriage or transport. Most often they are manufactured (e.g. bicycles, cars, motorcycles, trains, ships, boats, and aircraft), although some other means of transport which are not made by humans also may be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks, or alternatively a device to restrain it from starting to move again. The kinetic energy The kinetic energy of an object is the extra energy which it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its current velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. Negative work of the same magnitude lost by the moving part is usually translated to heat A related term is thermal energy, loosely defined as the energy of a body that increases with its temperature. Heat is also loosely referred to as thermal energy, although many definitions require this thermal energy to actually be in the process of movement between one body and another to be technically called heat . Heat is also known as " by friction Friction is not a fundamental force, as it is derived from electromagnetic force between charged particles, including electrons, protons, atoms, and molecules, and so cannot be calculated from first principles, but instead must be found empirically. When contacting surfaces move relative to each other, the friction between the two surfaces. Alternatively, in regenerative braking A regenerative brake is a mechanism that reduces vehicle speed by converting some of its kinetic energy into a storeable form of energy instead of dissipating it as heat as with a conventional brake. The captured energy is stored for future use or fed back into a power system for use by other vehicles, much of the energy is recovered and stored for later use.
Note that kinetic energy increases with the square of the velocity (E = 1/2·m·v2 relationship). This means that if the speed Speed is a scalar quantity with dimensions length/time; the equivalent vector quantity to speed is velocity. Speed is measured in the same physical units of measurement as velocity, but does not contain the element of direction that velocity has. Speed is thus the magnitude component of velocity of a vehicle doubles, it has four times as much energy. The brakes must therefore dissipate four times as much energy to stop it and consequently the braking distance Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point where its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is affected by the original speed of the vehicle, the type of brake system in use and the coefficient of friction between its wheels and the road surface is four times as long.
Brakes of some description are fitted to most wheeled A wheel is a circular device that is capable of rotating on its axis, facilitating movement or transportation whilst supporting a load , or performing labour in machines. Common examples are found in transport applications. A wheel, together with an axle overcomes friction by facilitating motion by rolling. In order for wheels to rotate, a moment vehicles A vehicle is a means of conveyance, a carriage or transport. Most often they are manufactured (e.g. bicycles, cars, motorcycles, trains, ships, boats, and aircraft), although some other means of transport which are not made by humans also may be called vehicles; examples include icebergs and floating tree trunks, including automobiles An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of all kinds, trucks A truck or lorry (British English) is a motor vehicle commonly used for carrying goods and materials. Some light trucks/lorries are similar in size to a passenger automobile. Commercial transportation trucks/lorries or fire trucks can be large and can also serve as a platform for specialized equipment, trains A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track to transport freight or passengers from one place to another. The track usually consists of two rails, but might also be a monorail or maglev guideway. Propulsion for the train is provided by a separate locomotive, or from individual motors in self-propelled multiple units. Most, motorcycles A motorcycle is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycles vary considerably depending on the task for which they are designed, such as long distance travel, navigating congested urban traffic, cruising, sport and racing, or off-road conditions. Being the most affordable form of motorised transport, in some parts of the world they are, and bicycles A bicycle, bike, or cycle is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist or a bicyclist. Baggage carts The carts are provided in airports, large bus stations, Hotels or train stations for transporting luggage and may be free of charge. They are sometimes owned by the operator of the establishment. In some facilities carts may be provided by a contractor such as Smarte Carte for a rental fee and shopping carts A shopping cart is a cart supplied by a shop, especially a supermarket, for use by customers inside the shop for transport of merchandise to the check-out counter during shopping, and often to the customer's car after paying as well. Often, customers are allowed to leave the carts in the parking lot, and store personnel, referred to as cart may have them for use on a moving ramp.
Most aeroplanes A fixed-wing aircraft, usually called an aeroplane or airplane, is a heavier-than-air aircraft capable of flight whose lift is generated not by wing motion relative to the aircraft, but by forward motion through the air. The term is used to distinguish fixed-wing aircraft from rotary-wing aircraft and ornithopters in which lift is generated by are fitted with wheel brakes on the undercarriage In aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure that supports an aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi. Some aircraft also feature air brakes In aeronautics, air brakes are a type of flight control used on an aircraft to increase drag or increase the angle of approach during landing designed to reduce their speed in flight. Notable examples include gliders The type of aircraft that are most commonly known as gliders, sometimes as sailplanes, are used in the sport of gliding. Some gliders, known as motor gliders are also used for gliding and soar well, but have engines which can in some cases be used for take-off or for extending a flight. Foot-launched aircraft are described in separate articles and some WWII World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. The war involved the mobilization of over 100 million military personnel, making it the most widespread war in history-era aircraft, primarily some fighters A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other aircraft, as opposed to a bomber, which is designed primarily to attack ground targets by dropping bombs. Fighters are small, fast, and maneuverable. Many fighters have secondary ground-attack capabilities, and some are dual-roled as fighter-bombers; the and many dive bombers A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy and limit the exposure to and effectiveness of anti-aircraft fire. This type of aircraft was most heavily used before and during World War II; its use fell into decline shortly afterwards of the era. These allow the aircraft to maintain a safe speed in a steep descent. The Saab B 17 The project first started at the end of the 1930s as the L 10 by ASJA, but after the merger with SAAB in 1937 it was renamed Saab 17. The wings were reinforced to make it possible to use it as a dive bomber. Since there was a shortage of engines the planes were flown to the destination where the engine was removed and reused for the next delivery dive bomber A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy and limit the exposure to and effectiveness of anti-aircraft fire. This type of aircraft was most heavily used before and during World War II; its use fell into decline shortly afterwards used the deployed undercarriage as an air brake.
Deceleration In physics, and more specifically kinematics, acceleration is the change in velocity over time. Because velocity is a vector, it can change in two ways: a change in magnitude and/or a change in direction. In one dimension, acceleration is the rate at which something speeds up or slows down. However, as a vector quantity, acceleration is also the and avoiding acceleration In physics, and more specifically kinematics, acceleration is the change in velocity over time. Because velocity is a vector, it can change in two ways: a change in magnitude and/or a change in direction. In one dimension, acceleration is the rate at which something speeds up or slows down. However, as a vector quantity, acceleration is also the when going downhill can also be achieved by using a low gear A gear is a component within a transmission device that transmits rotational torque by applying a force to the teeth of another gear or device. A gear is different from a pulley in that a gear is a round wheel that has linkages that mesh with other gear teeth, allowing force to be fully transferred without slippage. Depending on their construction; see engine braking Engine braking is the act of using the energy-requiring compression phase of a heat engine to dissipate energy and slow down a vehicle. Compression braking is a common legal term for the same mechanism. Large trucks use a device called an exhaust brake to increase the effectiveness of engine braking.
Friction brakes A vehicle brake is brake used to slow down a vehicle by converting its kinetic energy into heat. The basic hydraulic system, most commonly used, usually has six main stages. The brake pedal, the brake boost , the master cylinder, the apportioning valves and finally the roadwheel brakes themselves on cars store the heat in the rotating part (drum brake A drum brake is a brake in which the friction is caused by a set of shoes or pads that press against the inner surface of a rotating drum. The drum is connected to a rotating wheel or disc brake The disc brake or disk brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. A brake disc , usually made of cast iron or ceramic composites (including carbon, kevlar and silica), is connected to the wheel and/or the axle. To stop the wheel, friction material in the form of brake pads (mounted on a device called a brake caliper) is) during the brake application and release it to the air gradually.
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Effects on noise pollution
Brake lever on a horse-drawn hearse A hearse is a funeral vehicle, a conveyance for the casket from e.g. a church to a cemetery, a similar burial site, or a crematorium. In the funeral trade, they are often called funeral coaches Main article: Roadway noise Roadway noise is the collective sound energy emanating from motor vehicles. In the USA it contributes more to environmental noise exposure than any other noise source, and is constituted chiefly of engine, tire, aerodynamic and braking elements. In other Western countries as well as Lesser developed countries, roadway noise is expected toThe action of braking for motor vehicles produces recognizable sound level emissions, varying with the specific tire types and with the roadway surface type produces considerable effect upon sound levels or noise pollution Noise pollution is displeasing human-, animal- or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. A common form of noise pollution is from transportation, principally motor vehicles. The word noise comes from the Latin word nausea meaning seasickness emanating from moving vehicles.[1] There is a considerable range in acoustical intensities produced depending upon the specific tire tread design and the rapidity of deceleration required to slow the vehicle. When the brake is pushed the caliper containing piston pushes the pad towards the brake disc which slows the wheel down. On the brake drum it is similar as the cylinder pushes the brake shoes towards the drum which also slows the wheel down.
Hypermiling
Because braking (except regenerative braking A regenerative brake is a mechanism that reduces vehicle speed by converting some of its kinetic energy into a storeable form of energy instead of dissipating it as heat as with a conventional brake. The captured energy is stored for future use or fed back into a power system for use by other vehicles) converts kinetic energy into heat energy, it wastes energy that was used earlier to gather speed. Additionally, regenerative braking is not 100% efficient at recovering energy. Because of this, an easy way to see how well you are conserving your fuel is to note how much and how often you are braking. If the majority of your slowing is from unavoidable mechanical friction or drag, this means you are more or less squeezing out most of the potential from your vehicle. Some drivers use various techniques to minimize braking to save fuel (see hypermiling).
See also
References
- ^ C.Michael Hogan, Analysis of highway noise, Journal of Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, Volume 2, Number 3, Biomedical and Life Sciences and Earth and Environmental Science Issue, Pages 387-392, September, 1973, Springer Verlag, Netherlands ISSN 0049-6979
External links
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Categories: Auto parts | Brakes | Vehicle braking technologies
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The company is clearly ahead of its competitors with this exclusive and innovative patented hydraulic brake system in the azimuth movement. ...
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Brake Ducts 005 jpg Monday May 26 2003 11 48 AM 242870 Brake Ducts 006 jpg Monday May 26 2003 11 48 AM 301187 Brake Ducts 007 jpg Monday May 26 2003 11 48 AM 485901 Brake Ducts 008 jpg Monday May 26 2003 11 49 AM 499939
By Christopher Jensen
Mon, 06 Jul 2009 11:30:49 GM
The magazine doesn't see . brake. dust as a reliability problem, said David Champion, who heads the magazine's automotive testing. It is something that is annoying that you clean off, but it is not actually a failure of the . brakes. , he ...
Q. Opel Astra has rear drum brakes with adjusters. I replaced the brake linings but what do I need to do with the adjusters?
Asked by granc64 - Mon May 26 13:48:53 2008 - - 3 Answers - 0 Comments
A. If they are "self adjusting" they should have a sort of gear on them with a small arm like piece or cable that "connects" in a way to the brake linings and pulls when the brakes are applied. If this is the case, just tighten them enough to stay in place, and after pumping the brakes a few times they should have adjusted themselves. If they are not self adjusting, there should be a access hole in the front of the drum or the back of the housing you can see the adjusters through. If that's the case, put the drum on and tighten the adjusters through the hole until the brakes barely grab, then back them off about half a turn. To do this, you will probably need to use two small screwdrivers. One to turn the adjuster and one to release the… [cont.]
Answered by thegeorgefix - Mon May 26 14:05:48 2008
