Mannheim is a city A city is a relatively large and permanent urban settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law in Germany A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, has been known and documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. During the 16th century, northern Germany became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. As a modern nation-state,. With 311,342 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, bordering Alsace (France) to the west, Switzerland to the south, Bavaria to the east and northeast, Hessen to the north, and Rhineland Palatinate to the northwest after the capital Stuttgart Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 (December 2008) while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million (2008).
Mannheim is situated at the confluence of the rivers Rhine The Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at about 1,232 km (766 mi), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 m3/s (71,000 cu ft/s) and Neckar The Neckar is a 367 km long river, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse, in Germany. The Neckar is a major right tributary of the River Rhine. Rising in the Black Forest near Villingen-Schwenningen in the conservation area Schwenninger Moos at a height of 706 m (2,316 ft) above, in the northwestern corner of the state of Baden-Württemberg. The Rhine The Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at about 1,232 km (766 mi), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 m3/s (71,000 cu ft/s) separates Mannheim from the adjacent Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of Germany. It has an area of 19,846 square kilometres and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz (pronounced [ˈʁaɪnlant ˈpfalts]) city of Ludwigshafen Ludwigshafen am Rhein is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Ludwigshafen is located on the Rhine opposite Mannheim. Together with Mannheim, Heidelberg and the surrounding region, it forms the Rhine Neckar Area. The Hessian Hesse or Hessia (German: Hessen [ˈhɛsən], Hessisch: Hesse [ˈhɛzɛ]) is a state of Germany with an area of 21,110 km2 (8,150 sq mi) and just over six million inhabitants. The state capital is Wiesbaden. Hesse's largest city is nearby Frankfurt am Main border is north of the city. Mannheim is the largest city of the Rhine Neckar Area, a metropolitan area with 2.4 million inhabitants.
Mannheim is unusual among German cities in that its central area is laid out in a grid pattern (called Quadrate, squares), much like many North American cities. Accordingly, its nickname is Quadratestadt (German: for "town of the squares"). The main route through the squares leads to an enormous 18th-century palace. This former seat of the Electors The Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Kurfürst ( listen (help·info)), pl. Kurfürsten, Latin: Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Holy Roman Emperors of the Palatinate now houses the University of Mannheim The University of Mannheim is one of the younger German universities. The University’s trademark is its distinct profile. This is characterized by Mannheim’s economic and social sciences which are closely intertwined with humanities, law, mathematics and computer science. The University of Mannheim offers a wide range of study programs.
Mannheim's city symbol is der Wasserturm (the water-tower A water tower or elevated water tower is a large elevated water storage container constructed to hold a water supply at a height sufficient to pressurize a water distribution system. Pressurization occurs through the elevation of water; for every 10.20 centimetres of elevation, it produces 1 kilopascal (0.145 psi) of pressure. 30 m (98.43 ft) of), located in the east of the city centre. Mannheim is start and finish of Bertha Benz Memorial Route The Bertha Benz Memorial Route is a German tourist and theme route in Baden-Württemberg and member of the European Route of Industrial Heritage. Since its opening in 2008 everybody can follow the tracks of the world's first long distance journey by automobile of the year 1888.
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History
"Mannenheim" (Home of Manno) is first mentioned in connection with a legal transaction in 766, in the "Codex Laureshamensis" from Lorsch Abbey. It remained a village until Frederick IV, Elector Palatine initiated building the fortress Friedrichsburg and the adjacent grid-like city core in 1606. On 24 January 1607 he gave Mannheim city privileges.
The city was destroyed subsequently in the Thirty Years' War Pilsen – Lomnice – Sablat – Wisternitz – Humenné – White Mountain – Neu Titschein – Mingolsheim – Wimpfen – Höchst – Fleurus – Stadtlohn – Breda – Cádiz – Dessau Bridge – Lutter am Barenberge – Stralsund – Wolgast – St. Kitts– Swedish landing – Frankfurt – Magdeburg – Werben – 1st Breitenfeld – in 1622 by Tilly's troops, and in the Nine Years War The Nine Years' War – often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a major war of the late 17th century fought between King Louis XIV of France, and a European-wide coalition, the Grand Alliance, led by the Anglo-Dutch Stadtholder-King William III, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, King Charles II of Spain, for the Palatinate succession in 1689 by the French.
After the rebuilding since 1698, the capital of the Electoral Palatinate The Palatinate of the Rhine , later the Electoral Palatinate (German: Kurpfalz), was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire, a palatinate administered by a count palatine. Its rulers served as prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356 was transferred from Heidelberg Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2008, over 145,000 people live within the city's 109 square kilometres area. Heidelberg is a unitary authority. The Rhein-Neckar-Kreis rural district surrounds and has its seat in the city, but the city is not a part of the district to Mannheim in 1720. It was then that Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine began construction of the Mannheim Palace and the Jesuit Church. They were completed in 1760.
In the 18th century, Mannheim was home to the so-called Mannheim School Mannheim school refers to both the orchestral techniques pioneered by the court orchestra of Mannheim in the latter half of the 18th century as well as the group of composers who wrote such music for the orchestra of Mannheim and others of classical Classical music is the art music produced in, or rooted in, the traditions of Western liturgical and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the 9th century to present times. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common practice period composers. It was reputed to have one of the best court orchestras in Europe under the leadership of Carlo Grua. The court left Mannheim in 1778 and two decades later, Mannheim was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Baden The Grand Duchy of Baden was a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918 in 1802.
In 1819 Norwich Duff made the following observations:
Mannheim is in the Duchy of Baden and situated at the confluence of the Rhine The Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at about 1,232 km (766 mi), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 m3/s (71,000 cu ft/s) and Neckar The Neckar is a 367 km long river, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse, in Germany. The Neckar is a major right tributary of the River Rhine. Rising in the Black Forest near Villingen-Schwenningen in the conservation area Schwenninger Moos at a height of 706 m (2,316 ft) above over both of which there is a bridge of boats. This is the third town of this name having been twice burnt. The houses are large, and the streets broad and at right angles to each other, and is one of the most airy clean towns I have seen in Germany. It was formerly fortified but the fortifications were rased in 1806 and gardens fill their places. There is a large Chateau here belonging to the Grand Duke and a very good garden; part of the Chateau was destroyed when the town was bombarded and has never since been repaired, the other part is occupied by the Grand Duchess widow Stéphanie, Grand Duchess of Baden (August 28, 1789 – January 29, 1860) was the consort of Karl, Grand Duke of Baden of the late Grand Duke who was succeeded by his Uncle having left only three daughters. She is the sister of Eugene Beauharnais [sic, she was in fact his second cousin]. There is a Cathedral, a Theatre which is considered good, an observatory, a gallery of pictures at the Chateau and some private collections. About 2 km (1 mile) below the town the Russian Army crossed the Rhine The Rhine is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe, at about 1,232 km (766 mi), with an average discharge of more than 2,000 m3/s (71,000 cu ft/s) in 1813. Population 18 300.
Inventions
Some important inventions were made in Mannheim.
- Karl Drais Karl Drais was a German inventor and invented the Laufmaschine ("running machine"), also later called the velocipede, draisine (English) or "draisienne" (French), also nick-named the dandy horse. This incorporated the two-wheeler principle that is basic to the bicycle and motorcycle and was the beginning of mechanized personal built the first two-wheeled draisine A draisine primarily refers to a light auxiliary rail vehicle, driven by service personnel, equipped to transport crew and material necessary for the maintenance of railway infrastructure in 1817.
- Karl Benz Karl Friedrich Benz, sometimes spelled as Carl, was a German engine designer and automobile engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the petrol-powered automobile and pioneering founder of the automobile manufacturer, Mercedes-Benz.[citation needed]' first car appeared on the streets of Mannheim in 1886. At his workshop in Mannheim he produced a lightweight three-wheeled vehicle The Karl Benz Patent Motorwagen , built in 1885, is widely regarded as the first automobile, that is, a vehicle designed to be propelled by a motor powered by a single cylinder petrol/gasoline Gasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture which is primarily used as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It is also used as a solvent, mainly known for its ability to dilute paints-fueled engine The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high temperature and pressure gases, which are produced by the combustion, directly applies force to a movable component of the engine, such as the, first shown in public around 1886. This powered tricycle subsequently came to be widely regarded as the original automobile/motor car An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the.
- The Lanz Bulldog, a popular tractor with a rugged, simple Diesel engine was introduced in 1921.
- Julius Hatry built the world's first rocket plane in 1929.
World War II
During World War II Albania · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Belgium · Brazil · Bulgaria · Burma · Cambodia · Canada · Ceylon (Sri Lanka) · Channel Islands · China · Czechoslovakia · Denmark · Dutch East Indies · Egypt · Estonia · Finland · France · Germany · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Hong Kong · Hungary · Iceland ·, Mannheim (as a key industrial center) was heavily damaged by U.S. and British bombing. The inner city area was practically annihilated.
The first deliberate "terror bombing Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating an enemy nation-state by destroying its economic ability to wage war rather than destroying its land or naval forces. It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or" of German civilians was the December 16, 1940 bombing of Mannheim.[2]
The city was occupied by the U.S. Army on March 29, 1945. There has been a large American military presence in the Mannheim area ever since (see United States military installations below).
In 2007, Mannheim celebrated its 400th birthday with a series of cultural and other events spread over the whole year. The 400th birthday proper was in 2006, since Frederick IV, Elector Palatine laid the foundations of the Mannheim citadel, on March 17, 1606.
Theatre
The "Nationaltheater Mannheim" was founded in 1779 and is the oldest "Stage" in Germany. In 1782 the premier of "Die Räuber" written by Friedrich Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller [joːhan ˈkʁistɔf ˈfʁiːdʁɪç fɔn ˈʃɪlɐ] was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and playwright. During the last seventeen years of his life (1788–1805), Schiller struck up a productive, if complicated, friendship with already famous and influential Johann Wolfgang Goethe. They frequently was shown.
Climate
| Climate data for Mannheim, Germany | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3 (37) | 5 (41) | 10 (50) | 14 (57) | 19 (66) | 22 (72) | 25 (77) | 24 (75) | 20 (68) | 14 (57) | 7 (45) | 5 (41) | 14 (57) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 0 (32) | 2 (36) | 3 (37) | 5 (41) | 10 (50) | 13 (55) | 15 (59) | 15 (59) | 11 (52) | 7 (45) | 3 (37) | 1 (34) | 7 (45) |
| Precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that is pulled down by gravity and deposited on the Earth's surface. The main forms of precipitation include rain, snow, ice pellets, and graupel. It occurs when the atmosphere, a large gaseous solution, becomes saturated with water vapour and the water cm (inches) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) | 3 (1.2) | 7 (2.8) | 6 (2.4) | 6 (2.4) | 4 (1.6) | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.2) | 4 (1.6) | 4 (1.6) | 55 (21.7) |
| Source: Weatherbase[3] | |||||||||||||
Mannheim is located in Germany's warmest region, the "Rhine shift". In summer, temperatures sometimes rise up to 35 C° and higher. The highest recorded temperature was 41 C° during the 2003 European heat wave. The daily lows during that time were also very high (around 25 C°). In comparison to other regions of Germany, Mannheim has a higher humidity in summer which causes a higher heat index. Snow is rare, even in the cold months. Precipitation occurs mostly during afternoon thunderstorms during the warmer period (average days of thunderstorms in a year is 40-50).
Main sights
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- Fernmeldeturm Mannheim
- Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque
- Luisenpark - named one of the most beautiful parks of Europe
- Pylon test facility Mannheim
- Mannheim Palace (Mannheimer Schloss) - the city castle and main building of the University of Mannheim The University of Mannheim is one of the younger German universities. The University’s trademark is its distinct profile. This is characterized by Mannheim’s economic and social sciences which are closely intertwined with humanities, law, mathematics and computer science. The University of Mannheim offers a wide range of study programs
- Wasserturm - the town's landmark
- Jesuit Church
- SAP Arena - multifunctional Stadium, home of the Mannheim Ice-hockey Team "Die Adler", which means "The Eagles."
- Breite Strasse, Kunststrasse and Kapuzinerplanken - Mannheims main shopping destination
- International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg
- Wildpark and Waldvogelpark am Karlstern
- City centre, designed in squares (Quadratestadt)
- Reißinsel, a nice part of nature which a former honorary citizen of Mannheim, Carl Reiß, bequeathed to the Mannheim inhabitants
- Marktplatz (Market place), this is the square where fresh farmer's market takes place every Monday and Wednesday. Fresh fruits, vegetables, and flowers can be purchased.
- Café Samo, the most beloved cafe in town (especially by the university students) where you can drink quality coffee for a very affordable price. Located at Paradeplatz, on the way to Schloss Mannheim
Industry
The successor to the Karl Benz automobile manufacturing companies begun in Mannheim, Daimler AG Daimler AG (formerly Daimler-Benz AG, ) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British Daimler Motor Company) and the world's thirteenth largest car manufacturer as well as the largest truck manufacturer in the world. In addition to automobiles, Daimler manufactures trucks and provides financial services through its Daimler has had a large presence in Mannheim. Today, diesel engines and buses are assembled there. The Swiss Roche Diagnostic group (formerly known as Boehringer Mannheim) has its division headquarters in Mannheim. Additionally, the city also hosts large factories and offices of ABB ABB is a Swiss-Swedish multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland, operating mainly in the power and automation technology areas, Alstom Alstom is a large French multinational conglomerate which holds interests in the power generation and transport markets. According to the company website, in the years 2007-'08 Alstom had annual sales of over €16.9 billion, and employed more than 81,500 people in 70 countries. Alstom's headquarters are located in Levallois-Perret, near Paris, BASF (Ludwigshafen) BASF SE is the largest chemical company in the world and is headquartered in Germany. BASF originally stood for Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (Baden Aniline and Soda Factory). Today, the four letters are a registered trademark and the company is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, and Zurich Stock Exchange. The, Bilfinger Berger, Bombardier, Fuchs Petrolub AG Fuchs Petrolub AG is the world's largest independent manufacturer of lubricants, and related speciality products. The company's headquarters are at Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, where the company was founded in 1931, John Deere Deere & Company, usually known by its brand name John Deere , is an American corporation based in Moline, Illinois, and the leading manufacturer of agricultural machinery in the world. In 2008, it was listed as 102nd in the Fortune 500 ranking. Deere and Company agricultural products, usually sold under the John Deere name, include tractors,, Siemens Siemens AG is Europe's largest engineering conglomerate. Siemens' international headquarters are located in Berlin, Munich and Erlangen, Germany. The company has three main business sectors: Industry, Energy and Healthcare; with a total of 15 divisions, SCA Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget or SCA is a Swedish pulp and paper manufacturer and consumer goods company. It has approximately 50,000 employees and a turnover of approximately SEK 100 billion . Its main products include personal care products (incontinence products, baby diapers and feminine hygiene products), tissue, packaging and publication, Südzucker and other companies.
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The Bay City Times - MLive.com
It features the music of Mannheim Steamroller and a parade of holiday imagery. Tickets are $5 for adults and $4 for children ages 3-18 and seniors 60 and ...
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Picture Nibelungensaal Reverse Text Mannheim Rosengarten v Osten Type Divided Back Size Classic
Christina
Sun, 23 May 2010 22:12:39 GM
Mannheim. is considered a green city with its many nature parks and wildlife preserves, such as Luisenpark Zoo and the park itself, Herzogenriedpark, and Reissinsel.
